import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('survey_results_public.csv')
df_schema = pd.read_csv('survey_results_schema.csv')

pd.set_option('display.max_columns',85)

df.head(5)

#setting index to Respondent
df =df.set_index('Respondent')

#salary column
df['ConvertedComp'].head(5)

0        NaN
1        NaN
2     8820.0
3    61000.0
4        NaN
Name: ConvertedComp, dtype: float64

#median 
df['ConvertedComp'].median()

57287.0

#look at all dataframe and return results where it finds numerical values
df.median()

Respondent       44442.0
CompTotal        62000.0
ConvertedComp    57287.0
WorkWeekHrs         40.0
CodeRevHrs           4.0
Age                 29.0
dtype: float64

#returns bunch of aggregates from the df
df.describe()

#count returns count of non nan values
df['ConvertedComp'].count()

55823

# value_counts returns the count of different types of results
df['Hobbyist'].value_counts()

Yes    71257
No     17626
Name: Hobbyist, dtype: int64

df['SocialMedia']

0          Twitter
1        Instagram
2           Reddit
3           Reddit
4         Facebook
           ...    
88878      YouTube
88879          NaN
88880          NaN
88881          NaN
88882     WhatsApp
Name: SocialMedia, Length: 88883, dtype: object

# Most popular socialMedia
df['SocialMedia'].value_counts()

Reddit                      14374
YouTube                     13830
WhatsApp                    13347
Facebook                    13178
Twitter                     11398
Instagram                    6261
I don't use social media     5554
LinkedIn                     4501
WeChat 微信                     667
Snapchat                      628
VK ВКонта́кте                 603
Weibo 新浪微博                     56
Youku Tudou 优酷                 21
Hello                          19
Name: SocialMedia, dtype: int64

# Most popular socialMedia in percentage
df['SocialMedia'].value_counts(normalize=True)

Reddit                      0.170233
YouTube                     0.163791
WhatsApp                    0.158071
Facebook                    0.156069
Twitter                     0.134988
Instagram                   0.074150
I don't use social media    0.065777
LinkedIn                    0.053306
WeChat 微信                   0.007899
Snapchat                    0.007437
VK ВКонта́кте               0.007141
Weibo 新浪微博                  0.000663
Youku Tudou 优酷              0.000249
Hello                       0.000225
Name: SocialMedia, dtype: float64

df['Country'].value_counts()

United States                       20949
India                                9061
Germany                              5866
United Kingdom                       5737
Canada                               3395
                                    ...  
Tonga                                   1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines        1
Saint Kitts and Nevis                   1
Dominica                                1
North Korea                             1
Name: Country, Length: 179, dtype: int64

df.groupby(['Country'])

<pandas.core.groupby.generic.DataFrameGroupBy object at 0x139f2bd50>

country_grp = df.groupby(['Country'])

#returns data where country=India
country_grp.get_group('India')

#same as above using filter
filt= (df['Country'] =='India')
df.loc[filt]

#social media count in india
filt= (df['Country'] =='India')
df.loc[filt]['SocialMedia'].value_counts()

WhatsApp                    2990
YouTube                     1820
LinkedIn                     955
Facebook                     841
Instagram                    822
Twitter                      542
Reddit                       473
I don't use social media     250
Snapchat                      23
WeChat 微信                      5
Hello                          5
VK ВКонта́кте                  4
Youku Tudou 优酷                 2
Weibo 新浪微博                     1
Name: SocialMedia, dtype: int64

#this will return social media for every country
country_grp['SocialMedia'].value_counts()

Country      SocialMedia             
Afghanistan  Facebook                    15
             YouTube                      9
             I don't use social media     6
             WhatsApp                     4
             Instagram                    1
                                         ..
Zimbabwe     Facebook                     3
             YouTube                      3
             Instagram                    2
             LinkedIn                     2
             Reddit                       1
Name: SocialMedia, Length: 1220, dtype: int64

country_grp['SocialMedia'].value_counts(normalize=True).loc['India']

SocialMedia
WhatsApp                    0.342379
YouTube                     0.208405
LinkedIn                    0.109355
Facebook                    0.096301
Instagram                   0.094126
Twitter                     0.062063
Reddit                      0.054162
I don't use social media    0.028627
Snapchat                    0.002634
Hello                       0.000573
WeChat 微信                   0.000573
VK ВКонта́кте               0.000458
Youku Tudou 优酷              0.000229
Weibo 新浪微博                  0.000115
Name: SocialMedia, dtype: float64

#median salary in India
country_grp['ConvertedComp'].median().loc['India']

10080.0

#returning multiple aggregate functions
country_grp['ConvertedComp'].agg(['median','mean']).loc['India']

median    10080.000000
mean      28057.664916
Name: India, dtype: float64

#how many people know python in india using filter
filt= (df['Country'] =='India')
df.loc[filt]['LanguageWorkedWith'].str.contains('Python').sum()

3105

#how many people know python in india using group_by
country_grp['LanguageWorkedWith'].str.contains('Python').sum()
#you need to use apply method with group_by aggregate function

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-52-deb69932b683> in <module>
      1 #how many people know python in india using group_by
----> 2 country_grp['LanguageWorkedWith'].str.contains('Python').sum()

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/groupby.py in __getattr__(self, attr)
    561             return self[attr]
    562         if hasattr(self.obj, attr):
--> 563             return self._make_wrapper(attr)
    564 
    565         raise AttributeError(

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/groupby.py in _make_wrapper(self, name)
    602                 "using the 'apply' method".format(kind, name, type(self).__name__)
    603             )
--> 604             raise AttributeError(msg)
    605 
    606         self._set_group_selection()

AttributeError: Cannot access attribute 'str' of 'SeriesGroupBy' objects, try using the 'apply' method

#how many people know python in india using group_by
country_grp['LanguageWorkedWith'].apply(lambda x: x.str.contains('Python').sum()).loc['India']

3105

# Q % of python users in each country
country_uses_python = country_grp['LanguageWorkedWith'].apply(lambda x: x.str.contains('Python').sum())
country_uses_python

Country
Afghanistan                              8
Albania                                 23
Algeria                                 40
Andorra                                  0
Angola                                   2
                                        ..
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of...    28
Viet Nam                                78
Yemen                                    3
Zambia                                   4
Zimbabwe                                14
Name: LanguageWorkedWith, Length: 179, dtype: int64

country_respondants = df['Country'].value_counts()
country_respondants

United States                       20949
India                                9061
Germany                              5866
United Kingdom                       5737
Canada                               3395
                                    ...  
Tonga                                   1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines        1
Saint Kitts and Nevis                   1
Dominica                                1
North Korea                             1
Name: Country, Length: 179, dtype: int64

python_df = pd.concat([country_respondants,country_uses_python],axis='columns', sort=False)
python_df

#renaming columns 
python_df.rename(columns={'Country': 'NumRespondents', 'LanguageWorkedWith': 'NumKnowsPython'}, inplace=True)

python_df

# % of python users in each country
python_df['PctKnowsPython'] = python_df['NumKnowsPython']/python_df['NumRespondents'] * 100

python_df.sort_values(by='PctKnowsPython', ascending=False)

# % of python users in india
python_df.loc['India']

NumRespondents    9061.000000
NumKnowsPython    3105.000000
PctKnowsPython      34.267741
Name: India, dtype: float64

	Respondent	MainBranch	Hobbyist	OpenSourcer	OpenSource	Employment	Country	Student	EdLevel	UndergradMajor	EduOther	OrgSize	DevType	YearsCode	Age1stCode	YearsCodePro	CareerSat	JobSat	MgrIdiot	MgrMoney	MgrWant	JobSeek	LastHireDate	LastInt	FizzBuzz	JobFactors	ResumeUpdate	CurrencySymbol	CurrencyDesc	CompTotal	CompFreq	ConvertedComp	WorkWeekHrs	WorkPlan	WorkChallenge	WorkRemote	WorkLoc	ImpSyn	CodeRev	CodeRevHrs	UnitTests	PurchaseHow	PurchaseWhat	LanguageWorkedWith	LanguageDesireNextYear	DatabaseWorkedWith	DatabaseDesireNextYear	PlatformWorkedWith	PlatformDesireNextYear	WebFrameWorkedWith	WebFrameDesireNextYear	MiscTechWorkedWith	MiscTechDesireNextYear	DevEnviron	OpSys	Containers	BlockchainOrg	BlockchainIs	BetterLife	ITperson	OffOn	SocialMedia	Extraversion	ScreenName	SOVisit1st	SOVisitFreq	SOVisitTo	SOFindAnswer	SOTimeSaved	SOHowMuchTime	SOAccount	SOPartFreq	SOJobs	EntTeams	SOComm	WelcomeChange	SONewContent	Age	Gender	Trans	Sexuality	Ethnicity	Dependents	SurveyLength	SurveyEase
0	1	I am a student who is learning to code	Yes	Never	The quality of OSS and closed source software ...	Not employed, and not looking for work	United Kingdom	No	Primary/elementary school	NaN	Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...	NaN	NaN	4	10	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python	C;C++;C#;Go;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL	SQLite	MySQL	MacOS;Windows	Android;Arduino;Windows	Django;Flask	Flask;jQuery	Node.js	Node.js	IntelliJ;Notepad++;PyCharm	Windows	I do not use containers	NaN	NaN	Yes	Fortunately, someone else has that title	Yes	Twitter	Online	Username	2017	A few times per month or weekly	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	3-5 times per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	31-60 minutes	No	NaN	No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a jo...	No, and I don't know what those are	Neutral	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...	14.0	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	NaN	No	Appropriate in length	Neither easy nor difficult
1	2	I am a student who is learning to code	No	Less than once per year	The quality of OSS and closed source software ...	Not employed, but looking for work	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Yes, full-time	Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...	NaN	Taken an online course in programming or softw...	NaN	Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;...	NaN	17	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	I am actively looking for a job	I've never had a job	NaN	NaN	Financial performance or funding status of the...	Something else changed (education, award, medi...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	C++;HTML/CSS;Python	C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL	NaN	MySQL	Windows	Windows	Django	Django	NaN	NaN	Atom;PyCharm	Windows	I do not use containers	NaN	Useful across many domains and could change ma...	Yes	Yes	Yes	Instagram	Online	Username	2017	Daily or almost daily	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	3-5 times per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	11-30 minutes	Yes	A few times per month or weekly	No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...	No, and I don't know what those are	Yes, somewhat	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...	19.0	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	NaN	No	Appropriate in length	Neither easy nor difficult
2	3	I am not primarily a developer, but I write co...	Yes	Never	The quality of OSS and closed source software ...	Employed full-time	Thailand	No	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Web development or web design	Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...	100 to 499 employees	Designer;Developer, back-end;Developer, front-...	3	22	1	Slightly satisfied	Slightly satisfied	Not at all confident	Not sure	Not sure	I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...	1-2 years ago	Interview with people in peer roles	No	Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...	I was preparing for a job search	THB	Thai baht	23000.0	Monthly	8820.0	40.0	There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...	Distracting work environment;Inadequate access...	Less than once per month / Never	Home	Average	No	NaN	No, but I think we should	Not sure	I have little or no influence	HTML/CSS	Elixir;HTML/CSS	PostgreSQL	PostgreSQL	NaN	NaN	NaN	Other(s):	NaN	NaN	Vim;Visual Studio Code	Linux-based	I do not use containers	NaN	NaN	Yes	Yes	Yes	Reddit	In real life (in person)	Username	2011	A few times per week	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	6-10 times per week	They were about the same	NaN	Yes	Less than once per month or monthly	Yes	No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...	Neutral	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...	28.0	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	NaN	Yes	Appropriate in length	Neither easy nor difficult
3	4	I am a developer by profession	No	Never	The quality of OSS and closed source software ...	Employed full-time	United States	No	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...	Taken an online course in programming or softw...	100 to 499 employees	Developer, full-stack	3	16	Less than 1 year	Very satisfied	Slightly satisfied	Very confident	No	Not sure	I am not interested in new job opportunities	Less than a year ago	Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Int...	No	Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...	I was preparing for a job search	USD	United States dollar	61000.0	Yearly	61000.0	80.0	There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...	NaN	Less than once per month / Never	Home	A little below average	No	NaN	No, but I think we should	Developers typically have the most influence o...	I have little or no influence	C;C++;C#;Python;SQL	C;C#;JavaScript;SQL	MySQL;SQLite	MySQL;SQLite	Linux;Windows	Linux;Windows	NaN	NaN	.NET	.NET	Eclipse;Vim;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code	Windows	I do not use containers	Not at all	Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin)	Yes	SIGH	Yes	Reddit	In real life (in person)	Username	2014	Daily or almost daily	Find answers to specific questions;Pass the ti...	1-2 times per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	31-60 minutes	Yes	Less than once per month or monthly	Yes	No, and I don't know what those are	No, not really	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...	22.0	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	White or of European descent	No	Appropriate in length	Easy
4	5	I am a developer by profession	Yes	Once a month or more often	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Employed full-time	Ukraine	No	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...	Taken an online course in programming or softw...	10,000 or more employees	Academic researcher;Developer, desktop or ente...	16	14	9	Very dissatisfied	Slightly dissatisfied	Somewhat confident	Yes	No	I am not interested in new job opportunities	Less than a year ago	Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a ...	No	Industry that I'd be working in;Languages, fra...	I was preparing for a job search	UAH	Ukrainian hryvnia	NaN	NaN	NaN	55.0	There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or...	Being tasked with non-development work;Inadequ...	A few days each month	Office	A little above average	Yes, because I see value in code review	NaN	Yes, it's part of our process	Not sure	I have little or no influence	C++;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL;VBA	HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;SQL;WebAssembly	Couchbase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;PostgreSQL;SQLite	Couchbase;Firebase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;Postgr...	Android;Linux;MacOS;Slack;Windows	Android;Docker;Kubernetes;Linux;Slack	Django;Express;Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring	Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring	Cordova;Node.js	Apache Spark;Hadoop;Node.js;React Native	IntelliJ;Notepad++;Vim	Linux-based	Outside of work, for personal projects	Not at all	NaN	Yes	Also Yes	Yes	Facebook	In real life (in person)	Username	I don't remember	Multiple times per day	Find answers to specific questions	More than 10 times per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	NaN	Yes	A few times per month or weekly	No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...	No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...	Yes, definitely	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...	30.0	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	White or of European descent;Multiracial	No	Appropriate in length	Easy

	Respondent	CompTotal	ConvertedComp	WorkWeekHrs	CodeRevHrs	Age
count	88883.000000	5.594500e+04	5.582300e+04	64503.000000	49790.000000	79210.000000
mean	44442.000000	5.519014e+11	1.271107e+05	42.127197	5.084308	30.336699
std	25658.456325	7.331926e+13	2.841523e+05	37.287610	5.513931	9.178390
min	1.000000	0.000000e+00	0.000000e+00	1.000000	0.000000	1.000000
25%	22221.500000	2.000000e+04	2.577750e+04	40.000000	2.000000	24.000000
50%	44442.000000	6.200000e+04	5.728700e+04	40.000000	4.000000	29.000000
75%	66662.500000	1.200000e+05	1.000000e+05	44.750000	6.000000	35.000000
max	88883.000000	1.000000e+16	2.000000e+06	4850.000000	99.000000	99.000000

	Respondent	MainBranch	Hobbyist	OpenSourcer	OpenSource	Employment	Country	Student	EdLevel	UndergradMajor	EduOther	OrgSize	DevType	YearsCode	Age1stCode	YearsCodePro	CareerSat	JobSat	MgrIdiot	MgrMoney	MgrWant	JobSeek	LastHireDate	LastInt	FizzBuzz	JobFactors	ResumeUpdate	CurrencySymbol	CurrencyDesc	CompTotal	CompFreq	ConvertedComp	WorkWeekHrs	WorkPlan	WorkChallenge	WorkRemote	WorkLoc	ImpSyn	CodeRev	CodeRevHrs	UnitTests	PurchaseHow	PurchaseWhat	LanguageWorkedWith	LanguageDesireNextYear	DatabaseWorkedWith	DatabaseDesireNextYear	PlatformWorkedWith	PlatformDesireNextYear	WebFrameWorkedWith	WebFrameDesireNextYear	MiscTechWorkedWith	MiscTechDesireNextYear	DevEnviron	OpSys	Containers	BlockchainOrg	BlockchainIs	BetterLife	ITperson	OffOn	SocialMedia	Extraversion	ScreenName	SOVisit1st	SOVisitFreq	SOVisitTo	SOFindAnswer	SOTimeSaved	SOHowMuchTime	SOAccount	SOPartFreq	SOJobs	EntTeams	SOComm	WelcomeChange	SONewContent	Age	Gender	Trans	Sexuality	Ethnicity	Dependents	SurveyLength	SurveyEase
7	8	I code primarily as a hobby	Yes	Less than once per year	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Not employed, but looking for work	India	NaN	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...	Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...	NaN	Developer, back-end;Engineer, site reliability	8	16	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C;C++;HTML/CSS;Java;Java...	Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C;C++;Elixir;Erlang;Go;P...	Cassandra;Elasticsearch;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;R...	Cassandra;DynamoDB;Elasticsearch;Firebase;Mong...	AWS;Docker;Heroku;Linux;MacOS;Slack	Android;Arduino;AWS;Docker;Google Cloud Platfo...	Express;Flask;React.js;Spring	Django;Express;Flask;React.js;Vue.js	Hadoop;Node.js;Pandas	Ansible;Apache Spark;Chef;Hadoop;Node.js;Panda...	Atom;IntelliJ;IPython / Jupyter;PyCharm;Visual...	Linux-based	Development;Testing;Production;Outside of work...	NaN	Useful across many domains and could change ma...	Yes	SIGH	Yes	YouTube	In real life (in person)	Handle	2012	A few times per week	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	Less than once per week	Stack Overflow was slightly faster	11-30 minutes	Yes	Less than once per month or monthly	Yes	No, and I don't know what those are	Yes, definitely	A lot more welcome now than last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...	24.0	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	NaN	NaN	Appropriate in length	Neither easy nor difficult
9	10	I am a developer by profession	Yes	Once a month or more often	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Employed full-time	India	No	Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.)	NaN	NaN	10,000 or more employees	Data or business analyst;Data scientist or mac...	12	20	10	Slightly dissatisfied	Slightly dissatisfied	Somewhat confident	Yes	Yes	I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...	3-4 years ago	NaN	No	Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...	NaN	INR	Indian rupee	950000.0	Yearly	13293.0	70.0	There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...	NaN	A few days each month	Home	Far above average	Yes, because I see value in code review	4.0	Yes, it's part of our process	NaN	NaN	C#;Go;JavaScript;Python;R;SQL	C#;Go;JavaScript;Kotlin;Python;R;SQL	Elasticsearch;MongoDB;Microsoft SQL Server;MyS...	Elasticsearch;MongoDB;Microsoft SQL Server	Linux;Windows	Android;Linux;Raspberry Pi;Windows	Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;Django;Express;Flas...	Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;Django;Express;Flas...	.NET;Node.js;Pandas;Torch/PyTorch	.NET;Node.js;TensorFlow;Torch/PyTorch	Android Studio;Eclipse;IPython / Jupyter;Notep...	Windows	NaN	Not at all	Useful for immutable record keeping outside of...	No	Yes	Yes	YouTube	Neither	Screen Name	NaN	Multiple times per day	Find answers to specific questions;Get a sense...	3-5 times per week	They were about the same	NaN	Yes	A few times per month or weekly	Yes	No, and I don't know what those are	Yes, somewhat	Somewhat less welcome now than last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Tech...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Yes	Too long	Difficult
14	15	I am a student who is learning to code	Yes	Never	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Not employed, but looking for work	India	Yes, full-time	Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...	NaN	Taken an online course in programming or softw...	NaN	Student	3	13	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...	I've never had a job	NaN	NaN	Industry that I'd be working in;Languages, fra...	Something else changed (education, award, medi...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Assembly;Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C;C++;HTML/CSS;...	Assembly;Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C;C++;C#;Go;HTM...	MariaDB;MySQL;Oracle;SQLite	MariaDB;MongoDB;Microsoft SQL Server;MySQL;Ora...	Linux;Windows	Android;Google Cloud Platform;iOS;Linux;MacOS;...	NaN	Angular/Angular.js;ASP.NET;Django;Drupal;jQuer...	NaN	.NET;.NET Core;Node.js;TensorFlow;Unity 3D;Unr...	Atom;NetBeans;Notepad++;Sublime Text;Vim	Linux-based	Development	NaN	NaN	Yes	Yes	What?	YouTube	In real life (in person)	NaN	2018	Daily or almost daily	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	More than 10 times per week	They were about the same	NaN	Yes	Less than once per month or monthly	Yes	No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...	Yes, somewhat	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...	20.0	Man	No	NaN	NaN	Yes	Too long	Neither easy nor difficult
49	50	I am a developer by profession	Yes	Once a month or more often	OSS is, on average, of LOWER quality than prop...	Employed full-time	India	No	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Another engineering discipline (ex. civil, ele...	Received on-the-job training in software devel...	10,000 or more employees	Developer, back-end;DevOps specialist	7	15	2	Slightly satisfied	Very satisfied	Very confident	Not sure	Yes	I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...	1-2 years ago	Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Int...	No	Specific department or team I'd be working on;...	I was preparing for a job search	INR	Indian rupee	400000.0	Yearly	5597.0	7.0	There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or...	Meetings;Time spent commuting	Less than once per month / Never	Other place, such as a coworking space or cafe	Average	No	NaN	Yes, it's not part of our process but the deve...	The CTO, CIO, or other management purchase new...	I have little or no influence	Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C;C++;HTML/CSS;Java;Java...	HTML/CSS;JavaScript;Python	Elasticsearch;Firebase;MariaDB;MongoDB;MySQL;O...	Firebase;PostgreSQL;Redis;Other(s):	Arduino;AWS;Heroku;Linux;MacOS;Raspberry Pi;Wo...	AWS;Docker;Heroku;Kubernetes;Linux;MacOS;WordP...	Django;Express;Flask;jQuery	Express;Flask;jQuery;React.js;Vue.js	Node.js	Node.js	Notepad++;Visual Studio Code	MacOS	Testing	Not at all	Useful for immutable record keeping outside of...	Yes	Also Yes	What?	YouTube	In real life (in person)	Username	2012	Daily or almost daily	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	3-5 times per week	Stack Overflow was slightly faster	11-30 minutes	Yes	Less than once per month or monthly	No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...	No, and I don't know what those are	Yes, definitely	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Tech...	23.0	Man	No	NaN	South Asian	No	Too long	Easy
64	65	I am a developer by profession	Yes	Never	NaN	Employed full-time	India	No	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Information systems, information technology, o...	NaN	20 to 99 employees	Developer, front-end;Developer, mobile	2	17	2	Very satisfied	Very satisfied	Very confident	No	Not sure	I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...	Less than a year ago	Write any code;Solve a brain-teaser style puzz...	No	Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...	My job status changed (promotion, new job, etc.)	INR	Indian rupee	NaN	Monthly	NaN	48.0	There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...	NaN	About half the time	Office	Average	Yes, because I see value in code review	NaN	Yes, it's not part of our process but the deve...	Not sure	NaN	Assembly;C;C++;C#;HTML/CSS;Java	Kotlin	Firebase;MySQL;Oracle;SQLite	Firebase;SQLite	Android	Android	ASP.NET	NaN	NaN	NaN	Android Studio;IntelliJ	Linux-based	NaN	NaN	NaN	Yes	Yes	What?	WhatsApp	In real life (in person)	NaN	2017	Multiple times per day	Find answers to specific questions	More than 10 times per week	Stack Overflow was slightly faster	11-30 minutes	Yes	A few times per week	No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...	No, and I don't know what those are	Not sure	A lot more welcome now than last year	NaN	21.0	Man	No	NaN	NaN	Yes	Appropriate in length	Neither easy nor difficult
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
88808	77339	NaN	Yes	Less than once per year	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Employed full-time	India	Yes, full-time	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Another engineering discipline (ex. civil, ele...	Taken an online course in programming or softw...	1,000 to 4,999 employees	NaN	1	27	1	NaN	NaN	Somewhat confident	Yes	Yes	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Other(s):	Python;SQL	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Linux-based	I do not use containers	NaN	NaN	Yes	Yes	No	YouTube	Online	UserID	2019	Less than once per month or monthly	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	1-2 times per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	31-60 minutes	Yes	I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Over...	No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a jo...	No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...	Yes, somewhat	Not applicable - I did not use Stack Overflow ...	Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
88825	79795	NaN	Yes	Less than once a month but more than once per ...	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Employed full-time	India	No	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...	Taken an online course in programming or softw...	500 to 999 employees	Developer, QA or test	6	17	5	NaN	NaN	Somewhat confident	No	Not sure	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Bash/Shell/PowerShell;Python;SQL;VBA	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Apache Spark;Chef;Puppet	NaN	PyCharm;Vim	Linux-based	Development;Testing;Production;Outside of work...	Not at all	NaN	No	Yes	What?	Instagram	In real life (in person)	Username	2018	A few times per month or weekly	Find answers to specific questions	Less than once per week	They were about the same	NaN	Yes	I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Over...	No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a jo...	No, and I don't know what those are	Neutral	Somewhat more welcome now than last year	Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...	NaN	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	NaN	No	Too long	Difficult
88852	83862	NaN	Yes	Once a month or more often	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Employed full-time	India	Yes, full-time	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	NaN	Participated in a hackathon	NaN	Data or business analyst;Student	1	18	Less than 1 year	NaN	NaN	Very confident	Not sure	Yes	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Assembly;C;C++;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Object...	NaN	MySQL	DynamoDB;Elasticsearch;MongoDB	Android;AWS;Google Cloud Platform;WordPress	IBM Cloud or Watson	Laravel	Angular/Angular.js;Laravel;Vue.js	NaN	Node.js	Android Studio;Atom;IntelliJ;Komodo;NetBeans;N...	Windows	I do not use containers	NaN	Useful across many domains and could change ma...	No	Yes	What?	Twitter	Online	UserID	2012	A few times per month or weekly	Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...	Less than once per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	0-10 minutes	Yes	I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Over...	Yes	No, and I don't know what those are	Yes, definitely	Just as welcome now as I felt last year	Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...	24.0	Man	No	Straight / Heterosexual	NaN	Yes	Too long	Neither easy nor difficult
88853	84299	NaN	Yes	Never	The quality of OSS and closed source software ...	Employed full-time	India	Yes, full-time	Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)	Web development or web design	Taken an online course in programming or softw...	100 to 499 employees	Developer, back-end;Developer, front-end;Devel...	12	25	12	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;Swift;TypeScript	HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript	MongoDB;Redis;SQLite	MongoDB;Redis	NaN	NaN	Angular/Angular.js;Express;jQuery;React.js;Oth...	Express;React.js;Other(s):	Node.js	Node.js	IntelliJ;Notepad++;Visual Studio Code;Xcode	Windows	NaN	NaN	NaN	Yes	Fortunately, someone else has that title	What?	LinkedIn	NaN	NaN	2011	A few times per month or weekly	Find answers to specific questions;Contribute ...	Less than once per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	60+ minutes	Yes	Less than once per month or monthly	Yes	No, and I don't know what those are	Yes, somewhat	Somewhat more welcome now than last year	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
88864	86012	NaN	Yes	Once a month or more often	OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...	Employed full-time	India	No	Master’s degree (MA, MS, M.Eng., MBA, etc.)	Another engineering discipline (ex. civil, ele...	Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...	100 to 499 employees	Academic researcher;Educator	5	15	NaN	NaN	NaN	Somewhat confident	No	Not sure	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Bash/Shell/PowerShell;C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript	C++;Python	MySQL	NaN	Other(s):	Other(s):	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	Notepad++	Linux-based	I do not use containers	NaN	NaN	No	Also Yes	What?	I don't use social media	Online	Username	2014	A few times per month or weekly	Find answers to specific questions	Less than once per week	Stack Overflow was much faster	11-30 minutes	Yes	NaN	No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...	Yes	Yes, somewhat	Not applicable - I did not use Stack Overflow ...	Industry news about technologies you're intere...	24.0	Man	No	NaN	South Asian	NaN	Appropriate in length	Easy

	Country	LanguageWorkedWith
United States	20949	10083
India	9061	3105
Germany	5866	2451
United Kingdom	5737	2384
Canada	3395	1558
...	...	...
Tonga	1	0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1	0
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1	0
Dominica	1	1
North Korea	1	0

	NumRespondents	NumKnowsPython	PctKnowsPython
Timor-Leste	1	1	100.000000
Dominica	1	1	100.000000
Sao Tome and Principe	1	1	100.000000
Niger	1	1	100.000000
Turkmenistan	7	6	85.714286
...	...	...	...
Liberia	2	0	0.000000
Gabon	2	0	0.000000
Burkina Faso	4	0	0.000000
Cape Verde	3	0	0.000000
North Korea	1	0	0.000000